Creating Gravity (Part 5)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

I would like to shift my discussion now to the landmark paper presented in Dayton, Ohio in 2007 by Dr. Dan Brasoveanu and Dr. Constantin Sandu at a joint conference on propulsion by AIAA-ASME-SAE-ASEE. Their peer reviewed papers on propulsion (AIAA 2007-6203, AIAA-2007-5128, AIAA-2007-5119, and AIAA-2007-5120) were published in the proceedings of two International Conferences and can be downloaded from the AIAA electronic library. In these papers they proposed using light (electromagnetic field radiation) to create a gravitational field. 

In my correspondence with the authors, they explain: “These papers analyze the implications of three predictions made by Einstein in the General Theory of Relativity. These are: 1) any solid, gas, liquid, plasma, energy quanta, any subatomic particle, in short any form of matter subject to acceleration creates gravitational waves – this is the major difference between Newton’s theory of gravitation, which treats static substance as the sole source of gravity, and GTR. This prediction has been experimentally confirmed by astronomical observations such as the deviation of binary pulsars like Hulse-Taylor from Kepler’s laws of motion (Note: for this work on pulsars Hulse and Taylor won the Nobel Prize) and in the lab by Podkletnov, 2) the higher the acceleration, the faster the conversion of relativistic energy into gravitation, 3) the intensity of gravitation increases far more due to a higher acceleration than due to increasing the mass of the accelerated object. Therefore, the process of gravitational generation achieves the highest possible efficiency when the source object or objects achieve the highest possible acceleration. The highest possible acceleration is achieved for example by bosons exchanged by a pair of fermions – this exchange is the mechanism responsible for electromagnetic weak and strong nuclear forces which ‘glue’ together all matter. This is the strongest source of natural gravitation.”

The authors went on to explain: “In the case of artificial generation of gravitational fields, photons (which are easiest to manipulate) play the role of bosons and reflective plates play the role of fermions involved in boson exchange. During contact with the plates, i.e., during reflection, photons are subject to extreme acceleration [generating gravitons]. . . . The plates should be spaced as closely as possible in order to minimize the time when photons are ‘idle’, i.e., not accelerating. If placed at a distance of half a wavelength, the photons are continuously subject to the maximum possible acceleration. If the plates are placed any closer all photons are absorbed by the plate material and the entire EM energy is instantly converted into heat. As a result, the generator of artificial gravitation and, most likely, the entire starship are destroyed.”

Creating Gravity (Part 4)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

Continuing the discussion of Podkletnov’s gravity pulse generator, the cross section of the pulse is equal to that of the emitter, and there appears to be no measurable energy loss or beam dispersion for distances of at least 5 kilometers even after passing through several concrete houses. The interesting thing is that much less energy is put into the apparatus then is dispersed by the beam as it interacts with material objects. Podkletnov explains that it is like a key that opens the energy of the subatomic particles (zero point energy?). Because this is an open system, they are not violating any conservation laws.

Podkletnov describes in the abstract of his paper, “When you hold your hand in the projection area during the discharge you can feel the force or a short push to your hand together with a kind of an air push on your hand. If you do not keep you hand tight but a bit relaxed you can feel the slightest movement of the skin on the palm of the hand. The feeling is a bit strange and it is not easy to describe it. No electric shock, just a feeling that the hand is moved similar to the acceleration in a fighter plane but more powerful and very short.”

Looking at the simplified drawing of the Gravity Impulse Generator, one cannot help but notice there is a danger zone behind the machine. This is from the force field coming out of the back of the device. This field is a strange kind of non-focused radiation very harmful to biological tissue. It causes a melting or molecular juxtaposition between biological tissues and other materials, similar to the Hutchison Effect. This brings to mind the Philadelphia Experiment legend in which sailors were melted into the ship’s deck.

In the next installment I will discuss the paper presented in Dayton, Ohio in 2007 by Dr. Dan Brasoveanu and Dr. Constantin Sandu at a joint conference on propulsion by AIAA-ASME-SAE-ASEE. This was a landmark paper on gravity propulsion using light for artificial gravitational field (radiation) generation.

Creating Gravity (Part 3)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

Recall from the last installment, Podkletnov’s work led to the development of a “Gravity Impulse Generator.” According to him, the apparatus consists of a quartz glass cylinder (1.5m long and 1m diameter) which can be evacuated, or filled with gas. The magnetic field associated with the outer coil is used to guide, or contain, the discharge. Protruding into the right end of the cylinder is a tube containing liquid gas (N or He) used to refrigerate a charged Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) superconductor compound with a composite crystal structure (YBa₂Cu₃O₇). This is a superconducting emitter (cathode) with a 2-Layer YBCO construction. Once the temperature of the YBCO emitter is cooled to superconducting conditions, the inner electric coil is used to produce a magnetic field within it. Through the opposite end of the cylinder, a target electrode (anode) is introduced. A high voltage pulse of the order of several million volts is applied for several milliseconds to the emitter which is a stationary superconducting target. A gravity impulse several microseconds long is ejected from the target end of the apparatus. These gravitational waves exit in a coherent, non-diverging beam. Podkletnov has measured the speed of the impulse to be about 64 times the speed of light. He indicates this wave is capable of exerting tremendous force on anything in the beam path yet there is no opposing reaction on the apparatus. It is possible to generate a gravitational field impulse strong enough to punch a hole in a metal plate placed near the outlet. If the discharge rate is too high the gravity pulse has even damaged their equipment.

Creating Gravity (Part 2)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

For decades scientists around the world have been working to alter or produce gravitational fields. One of the more notable efforts has been by Dr. Evgeny (Eugene) Podkletnov and his team at the Tampere Institute of Technology (Finland) and Dr. Giovanni Modanese in Italy. Dr. Podkletnov is an experimentalist with a background in material science but he became interested in gravitational effects during an experiment with a high temperature superconductor. As a superconductor was being levitated and rotated at high speeds (40,000 rpm) in the lab, a passerby inquired as to what Podkletnov and several technicians were doing. Through serendipity, the passerby was smoking a pipe and the smoke from his pipe formed a column over the superconductor. This intrigued Podkletnov who began some experiments to study the effect. He found that any material placed above the superconductor had a measurable loss in weight. In other words, the gravitational property of mass was altered. He has discovered there are several ways to achieve this effect. One can use high voltages, high magnetic fields, and extremely high rotational speeds, or a combination of these. Also, as his experiments demonstrated, the topological effects of superconductors can also be used. He believes that his discoveries do not violate Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity because relativity does not apply to rotating fields. However, rotation implies acceleration, and Einstein’s field equations do prove that any accelerated substance or energy quanta is a source of gravity.

An offshoot of his work has led to the development of a “Gravity Impulse Generator.” In a later article, I will discuss some of the amazing results he has achieved with this device.

Creating Gravity (Part 1)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

Most people are not aware that gravitational fields are produced by means other than a corporal particle of matter. Einstein realized that when he developed his General Theory of Relativity. He showed an interaction between electromagnetic (EM) fields and gravity and in fact predicted that a beam of light (EM) from a star would be deflected 1.75 arc-seconds as it passed the rim of the sun. That prediction was verified by Sir Arthur Eddington in 1919 during a solar eclipse.

If gravity can alter an EM field then it is reasonable to expect the opposite to be true. In 1934, R. C. Tolman derived in his textbook, Relativity, Thermodynamics, and Cosmology, (pages 274 to 285) a relationship between the gravitational field generated by light and that produced by a particle of mass. He concluded that a “pencil” of light was twice as effective as mass in producing a gravitational field.

Louis Rancourt published a paper entitled “Effect of Light on Gravitational Attraction”, Physics Essays: December 2011, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 557-561. The paper reported the results of his experiment in which he was able to detect a gravitational effect from a 30 deg laminar beam from a 1.5 Watt red laser. He discovered that when the beam passed close to a freely moving single mass on a torsion pendulum, the mass moved toward the light beam.

At a joint conference on propulsion by AIAA-ASME-SAEASEE, Dr. Dan Brasoveanu and Dr. Constantin Sandu presented landmark papers on gravity propulsion using light for artificial gravitational field (radiation) generation. Their peer reviewed papers on propulsion (AIAA 2007-6203, AIAA-2007- 5128, AIAA-2007-5119, and AIAA-2007-5120) were also published in the proceedings of these two International Conferences and can be downloaded from the AIAA electronic library.

Details of their proposal and the amazing experiments being conducted by Dr. Eugene Podkletnov and his team at the Tampere Institute of Technology (Finland) and Dr. Giovanni Modanese in Italy will be reported in a later article.

The New World Order

In my second novel, Alien Log II, the New World Order, the alien Quellin described what the new world order would be. Many people cringe at the words New World Order because they imagine a world government run by despots from the financial world who rules for their own benefit. Not so, with the alien’s version. The new world order as envisioned by Quellin is one I would welcome. Perhaps we could start with a change in our dysfunctional government in Washington. Here is how it would work.

In the new government, all elected officials would serve a SINGLE four year term with NO chance for re-election. They would spend 100 percent of their time doing what they were elected to do and not spend a single minute building a war chest for re-election. Elections would be publically financed. These two changes alone would greatly reduce the influence of special interest groups and lobbyists.

In the new government, all elected officials except the President and Vice President would spend most of their time in their districts or states in office buildings providing office space and conference / meeting theaters. This would keep them close to their constituents and not lobbyists. Only on special occasions such as voting on a bill, would they venture to Washington to meet. Most of their work would be conducted using technology such as videoconferencing or telepresence. It continues to amaze me why we continue to “put all of our eggs in one basket” (Washington) where they are an easy target for terrorists.

The way the new system would work in electing Congress people is that everyone is placed in a draft pool for their district on their twenty-fifth birthday. To be eligible for Congress one be at least twenty-five and must have been a citizen for at least seven years. Two months before the end of the present Congress person’s term, twelve names are drawn by lottery and are notified that they have been selected to run for Congress. They have thirty days to appeal. Four names from those who survive the appeal process are selected at random to run. Anyone who qualifies may also choose to run even though they were not drafted, provided they can get at least 1,000 signatures from members of their district. The publicly financed election is tightly controlled as to how much and where election funds can be spent. There will be at least one televised debate. After the election, the winner is sent to Washington for an intensive indoctrination in the functioning of Congress. Following that, they return to their district where an office building houses their staff and provides space for “town meetings” that are televised on monthly bases. During these meetings, constituents can air their concerns and the Congress person can bring the people up to date on bills and issues being discussed in Congress. All assets and obligations of the Congress person are frozen and their pay is equal to the average income for their district. Five percent of their salary is matched and placed in a 401K. A portion of their wages would be taxed for FICA and they would contribute a portion of their salary to a group health insurance policy. If the elected person cannot fulfill their four year term, the person who placed second would finish out their term.

The election for Senate is somewhat different than for Congress. People run for Senate by choice but must be a resident of their state, have served in Congress, and be at least thirty-five. Each state will have two Senators whose terms are staggered by two years. Two months before the term of a Senator is about to expire, an eligible person can apply to be a candidate. One month before the election, six names from the pool are randomly selected to run. The election process is run the same as for Congress persons but includes two televised debates. At the end of the election, the winner is sent to Washington for indoctrination. Following that, they return to their state where an office building in their state capital houses their staff and provides space for “town meetings” that are televised on monthly bases. During these meetings, constituents can air their concerns and the Senator can bring the people up to date on bills and issues being discussed in the Senate. Living quarters for both Senators and their families are provided in the state capital. All assets and obligations of the Senator are frozen and their pay is equal to twice the average income for their state. Five percent of their salary is matched and placed in a 401K. A portion of their wages would be taxed for FICA and they would contribute a portion of their salary to a group health insurance policy. If the elected person cannot fulfill their four year term, the person who placed second would finish out their term.

The election for President is similar to that for Senate but to be eligible, they must be at least thirty-five, a naturally born citizen, and have served in the Senate. Four months before the President’s term is to end, eligible people apply to run. Three months before the election, four candidates are selected at random and a publically funded election begins and includes four televised public debates. The election process is completed in November and the winner (President) and runner up (Vice President) have until the following January to put in place a transition government. The inauguration occurs in January and the President occupies the White House and the Vice President is given a residence in Washington. Their salary is equal to four times that of the national average. Their benefits are similar to those of the Congress and Senate.

Nine Supreme Court Justices are selected for a single fixed term of six years that are staggered by three years. They are nominated by the President and are confirmed by the Senate. Their salary and benefits are the same as for the President. They reside and work in Washington.

With this new government we would finally be close to a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, as envisioned by Abraham Lincoln. We can begin this transition today by NEVER voting for an incumbent. Following that, we would need to make an amendment to our constitution. In addition to the above changes, other changes would place severe penalties for bribery and for signing on to deficit budgets or budgets that exceed a certain percent of GDP.

How the Universe Began WITHOUT a Big Bang

In my last blog, I showed that there is no evidence supporting a time rate of increase in the velocity of recession for distant galactic clusters. Today, I will discuss an alternative theory for how the universe began WITHOUT a big bang. This theory was developed by Bobby McGehee, a retired physicist and amateur astronomer. He worked as an engineering physicist in the aerospace industry but throughout his career he had a passion for astronomy. The Big Bang theory bothered him deeply because it violated so many fundamental laws of physics. It did not explain the immense amount of angular momentum and how the universe could be younger than some white dwarf stars. Also, it requires the universe to begin in a singularity, expand at faster than light speed, and requires the discovery of Dark Energy to explain what theory proponents interpret as an accelerating rate of expansion. Over the years, Bobby developed a model that is a better fit to the data, explains the origin of the angular momentum, does not start at a singularity, is at least 30 billion years old, and explains how the universe is growing while corporal matter of the universe is decelerating with time.

I subscribe to the notion that everything developed from space and matter already existed and did not come from nothing out of a single point. The 1933 Nobel laureate, Paul Dirac, visualized the universe as an infinite sea of particles with negative energy. It was a mixture of electrons and holes. Later it was discovered that the holes were the anti-particle of the electron and led to the discovery of the positron which is approximately equal to the electron in mass.

It is agreed that by far most observed matter in the universe are hydrogen atoms. Several cosmologists have estimated that if the total matter (mass and energy), including dark matter, in the universe were distributed throughout all space as hydrogen atoms, its distribution would be about eight atoms per cubic meter. Estimates of total matter vary over a wide range of several factors therefore the primordial particle populations are referred to as 'about'. Generally it is agreed that dark matter is about 8 times more plentiful than what is conventionally observed.

One of the simplest atoms in the universe is known as positronium. Instead of an electron orbiting a proton, an electron orbits a positron about a common center. Under normal conditions, the atom is unstable and the electron and positron self-annihilate in less than a second. Usually two photons (gamma rays) are released traveling in opposite directions. It is the positronium atom that forms the basis of Bobby McGehee’s model.

In Bobby’s model there is a primordial universe that extends out to infinity. It consists of a three-dimensional “matrix” of stabilized positroniums. Each positronium is in a steady state at each vertex of an equilateral hexahedron. The spacing is stabilized by synchronized rotations and electrostatic attractions / repulsions. Hydrogen atoms are about 900 times the mass of positronium so,based on the generally agreed upon mass of the universe, the positroniums atoms are spaced at a separation of about five centimeters in all directions to infinity. This high degree of order represents the lowest level of entropy for the universe.

According to Bobby’s model, at some time about 30 billion years ago an instability occurred at one of the positroniums in our region of the primordial universe. Self-annihilation occurred. The two photons that were released began a chain reaction that continues today. The deflagration wave is racing at near light speed into the infinite primordial universe. The model does not exclude the possibility that other initiation sites may have occurred elsewhere at other times.

Within and behind the deflagration wave, transmutation of the photon energy results in the creation of corporal matter. This mass traveling at relativistic speeds agglomerates due to the enhanced gravitational attraction. As the particles grow in size, their collisions often occur off center, resulting in the conversion of linear momentum into angular momentum. As the bodies grow, more of the linear momentum continues to be converted into angular momentum and, just as in the potato truck analogy, the linear velocity away from the initiation site continues to decrease. The growth of the bodies continues until stars are borne. These in turn form into clusters of stars known as galaxies and these in turn into clusters of galaxies. Based on this model, one would expect to see galactic clusters decelerating with time.

Bobby McGehee has presented his theory in two books available on Amazon.


NEW UNIVERSE THEORY WITH THE LAWS OF PHYSICS



Model of the Universe