Creating Gravity (Part 2)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

For decades scientists around the world have been working to alter or produce gravitational fields. One of the more notable efforts has been by Dr. Evgeny (Eugene) Podkletnov and his team at the Tampere Institute of Technology (Finland) and Dr. Giovanni Modanese in Italy. Dr. Podkletnov is an experimentalist with a background in material science but he became interested in gravitational effects during an experiment with a high temperature superconductor. As a superconductor was being levitated and rotated at high speeds (40,000 rpm) in the lab, a passerby inquired as to what Podkletnov and several technicians were doing. Through serendipity, the passerby was smoking a pipe and the smoke from his pipe formed a column over the superconductor. This intrigued Podkletnov who began some experiments to study the effect. He found that any material placed above the superconductor had a measurable loss in weight. In other words, the gravitational property of mass was altered. He has discovered there are several ways to achieve this effect. One can use high voltages, high magnetic fields, and extremely high rotational speeds, or a combination of these. Also, as his experiments demonstrated, the topological effects of superconductors can also be used. He believes that his discoveries do not violate Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity because relativity does not apply to rotating fields. However, rotation implies acceleration, and Einstein’s field equations do prove that any accelerated substance or energy quanta is a source of gravity.

An offshoot of his work has led to the development of a “Gravity Impulse Generator.” In a later article, I will discuss some of the amazing results he has achieved with this device.

Creating Gravity (Part 1)

(Extracted from: The Science Behind Alien Encounters)

www.alienlog.com

Most people are not aware that gravitational fields are produced by means other than a corporal particle of matter. Einstein realized that when he developed his General Theory of Relativity. He showed an interaction between electromagnetic (EM) fields and gravity and in fact predicted that a beam of light (EM) from a star would be deflected 1.75 arc-seconds as it passed the rim of the sun. That prediction was verified by Sir Arthur Eddington in 1919 during a solar eclipse.

If gravity can alter an EM field then it is reasonable to expect the opposite to be true. In 1934, R. C. Tolman derived in his textbook, Relativity, Thermodynamics, and Cosmology, (pages 274 to 285) a relationship between the gravitational field generated by light and that produced by a particle of mass. He concluded that a “pencil” of light was twice as effective as mass in producing a gravitational field.

Louis Rancourt published a paper entitled “Effect of Light on Gravitational Attraction”, Physics Essays: December 2011, Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 557-561. The paper reported the results of his experiment in which he was able to detect a gravitational effect from a 30 deg laminar beam from a 1.5 Watt red laser. He discovered that when the beam passed close to a freely moving single mass on a torsion pendulum, the mass moved toward the light beam.

At a joint conference on propulsion by AIAA-ASME-SAEASEE, Dr. Dan Brasoveanu and Dr. Constantin Sandu presented landmark papers on gravity propulsion using light for artificial gravitational field (radiation) generation. Their peer reviewed papers on propulsion (AIAA 2007-6203, AIAA-2007- 5128, AIAA-2007-5119, and AIAA-2007-5120) were also published in the proceedings of these two International Conferences and can be downloaded from the AIAA electronic library.

Details of their proposal and the amazing experiments being conducted by Dr. Eugene Podkletnov and his team at the Tampere Institute of Technology (Finland) and Dr. Giovanni Modanese in Italy will be reported in a later article.

The New World Order

In my second novel, Alien Log II, the New World Order, the alien Quellin described what the new world order would be. Many people cringe at the words New World Order because they imagine a world government run by despots from the financial world who rules for their own benefit. Not so, with the alien’s version. The new world order as envisioned by Quellin is one I would welcome. Perhaps we could start with a change in our dysfunctional government in Washington. Here is how it would work.

In the new government, all elected officials would serve a SINGLE four year term with NO chance for re-election. They would spend 100 percent of their time doing what they were elected to do and not spend a single minute building a war chest for re-election. Elections would be publically financed. These two changes alone would greatly reduce the influence of special interest groups and lobbyists.

In the new government, all elected officials except the President and Vice President would spend most of their time in their districts or states in office buildings providing office space and conference / meeting theaters. This would keep them close to their constituents and not lobbyists. Only on special occasions such as voting on a bill, would they venture to Washington to meet. Most of their work would be conducted using technology such as videoconferencing or telepresence. It continues to amaze me why we continue to “put all of our eggs in one basket” (Washington) where they are an easy target for terrorists.

The way the new system would work in electing Congress people is that everyone is placed in a draft pool for their district on their twenty-fifth birthday. To be eligible for Congress one be at least twenty-five and must have been a citizen for at least seven years. Two months before the end of the present Congress person’s term, twelve names are drawn by lottery and are notified that they have been selected to run for Congress. They have thirty days to appeal. Four names from those who survive the appeal process are selected at random to run. Anyone who qualifies may also choose to run even though they were not drafted, provided they can get at least 1,000 signatures from members of their district. The publicly financed election is tightly controlled as to how much and where election funds can be spent. There will be at least one televised debate. After the election, the winner is sent to Washington for an intensive indoctrination in the functioning of Congress. Following that, they return to their district where an office building houses their staff and provides space for “town meetings” that are televised on monthly bases. During these meetings, constituents can air their concerns and the Congress person can bring the people up to date on bills and issues being discussed in Congress. All assets and obligations of the Congress person are frozen and their pay is equal to the average income for their district. Five percent of their salary is matched and placed in a 401K. A portion of their wages would be taxed for FICA and they would contribute a portion of their salary to a group health insurance policy. If the elected person cannot fulfill their four year term, the person who placed second would finish out their term.

The election for Senate is somewhat different than for Congress. People run for Senate by choice but must be a resident of their state, have served in Congress, and be at least thirty-five. Each state will have two Senators whose terms are staggered by two years. Two months before the term of a Senator is about to expire, an eligible person can apply to be a candidate. One month before the election, six names from the pool are randomly selected to run. The election process is run the same as for Congress persons but includes two televised debates. At the end of the election, the winner is sent to Washington for indoctrination. Following that, they return to their state where an office building in their state capital houses their staff and provides space for “town meetings” that are televised on monthly bases. During these meetings, constituents can air their concerns and the Senator can bring the people up to date on bills and issues being discussed in the Senate. Living quarters for both Senators and their families are provided in the state capital. All assets and obligations of the Senator are frozen and their pay is equal to twice the average income for their state. Five percent of their salary is matched and placed in a 401K. A portion of their wages would be taxed for FICA and they would contribute a portion of their salary to a group health insurance policy. If the elected person cannot fulfill their four year term, the person who placed second would finish out their term.

The election for President is similar to that for Senate but to be eligible, they must be at least thirty-five, a naturally born citizen, and have served in the Senate. Four months before the President’s term is to end, eligible people apply to run. Three months before the election, four candidates are selected at random and a publically funded election begins and includes four televised public debates. The election process is completed in November and the winner (President) and runner up (Vice President) have until the following January to put in place a transition government. The inauguration occurs in January and the President occupies the White House and the Vice President is given a residence in Washington. Their salary is equal to four times that of the national average. Their benefits are similar to those of the Congress and Senate.

Nine Supreme Court Justices are selected for a single fixed term of six years that are staggered by three years. They are nominated by the President and are confirmed by the Senate. Their salary and benefits are the same as for the President. They reside and work in Washington.

With this new government we would finally be close to a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, as envisioned by Abraham Lincoln. We can begin this transition today by NEVER voting for an incumbent. Following that, we would need to make an amendment to our constitution. In addition to the above changes, other changes would place severe penalties for bribery and for signing on to deficit budgets or budgets that exceed a certain percent of GDP.

How the Universe Began WITHOUT a Big Bang

In my last blog, I showed that there is no evidence supporting a time rate of increase in the velocity of recession for distant galactic clusters. Today, I will discuss an alternative theory for how the universe began WITHOUT a big bang. This theory was developed by Bobby McGehee, a retired physicist and amateur astronomer. He worked as an engineering physicist in the aerospace industry but throughout his career he had a passion for astronomy. The Big Bang theory bothered him deeply because it violated so many fundamental laws of physics. It did not explain the immense amount of angular momentum and how the universe could be younger than some white dwarf stars. Also, it requires the universe to begin in a singularity, expand at faster than light speed, and requires the discovery of Dark Energy to explain what theory proponents interpret as an accelerating rate of expansion. Over the years, Bobby developed a model that is a better fit to the data, explains the origin of the angular momentum, does not start at a singularity, is at least 30 billion years old, and explains how the universe is growing while corporal matter of the universe is decelerating with time.

I subscribe to the notion that everything developed from space and matter already existed and did not come from nothing out of a single point. The 1933 Nobel laureate, Paul Dirac, visualized the universe as an infinite sea of particles with negative energy. It was a mixture of electrons and holes. Later it was discovered that the holes were the anti-particle of the electron and led to the discovery of the positron which is approximately equal to the electron in mass.

It is agreed that by far most observed matter in the universe are hydrogen atoms. Several cosmologists have estimated that if the total matter (mass and energy), including dark matter, in the universe were distributed throughout all space as hydrogen atoms, its distribution would be about eight atoms per cubic meter. Estimates of total matter vary over a wide range of several factors therefore the primordial particle populations are referred to as 'about'. Generally it is agreed that dark matter is about 8 times more plentiful than what is conventionally observed.

One of the simplest atoms in the universe is known as positronium. Instead of an electron orbiting a proton, an electron orbits a positron about a common center. Under normal conditions, the atom is unstable and the electron and positron self-annihilate in less than a second. Usually two photons (gamma rays) are released traveling in opposite directions. It is the positronium atom that forms the basis of Bobby McGehee’s model.

In Bobby’s model there is a primordial universe that extends out to infinity. It consists of a three-dimensional “matrix” of stabilized positroniums. Each positronium is in a steady state at each vertex of an equilateral hexahedron. The spacing is stabilized by synchronized rotations and electrostatic attractions / repulsions. Hydrogen atoms are about 900 times the mass of positronium so,based on the generally agreed upon mass of the universe, the positroniums atoms are spaced at a separation of about five centimeters in all directions to infinity. This high degree of order represents the lowest level of entropy for the universe.

According to Bobby’s model, at some time about 30 billion years ago an instability occurred at one of the positroniums in our region of the primordial universe. Self-annihilation occurred. The two photons that were released began a chain reaction that continues today. The deflagration wave is racing at near light speed into the infinite primordial universe. The model does not exclude the possibility that other initiation sites may have occurred elsewhere at other times.

Within and behind the deflagration wave, transmutation of the photon energy results in the creation of corporal matter. This mass traveling at relativistic speeds agglomerates due to the enhanced gravitational attraction. As the particles grow in size, their collisions often occur off center, resulting in the conversion of linear momentum into angular momentum. As the bodies grow, more of the linear momentum continues to be converted into angular momentum and, just as in the potato truck analogy, the linear velocity away from the initiation site continues to decrease. The growth of the bodies continues until stars are borne. These in turn form into clusters of stars known as galaxies and these in turn into clusters of galaxies. Based on this model, one would expect to see galactic clusters decelerating with time.

Bobby McGehee has presented his theory in two books available on Amazon.


NEW UNIVERSE THEORY WITH THE LAWS OF PHYSICS



Model of the Universe

Evidence that the Universe is NOT Expanding at an Accelerating Rate

In the second book of my Alien Log series, one of the main characters, Dr. Corey Newton, is accidentally abducted. As it happens, Dr. Newton is an astrophysicist and has many questions for Quellin, his alien abductor. Quellin freely answers any questions that Dr. Newton has because he knows he can implant a memory block on Corey before he is released. The very first question that Corey has out-of-the-box is whether we're on the right track with our Big Bang theory. Quellin is unfamiliar with our Big Bang theory so Corey has to explain it to him. It should be noted that Quellin teaches in a Socratic method whereby he answers a question with another question in order to get Corey to reason out the answer for himself.

Corey explains how as our technology improved we were able to determine that galactic clusters are moving away from our galaxy. This, he explained, was evidenced by the red shift in the light that we received from these clusters. Quellin accepted this. Corey explained that through logic, by running the clock backward, so to speak, it appeared as though our universe began as a singularity in which all energy (matter) was contained. Corey explained that our research indicates that the universe began from this singularity about 13.7 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. Quellin found that explanation interesting but ask Corey if he was comfortable with everything coming from a singularity. Corey answered that he was uncomfortable with that and in fact many cosmologists are also uncomfortable with that model of the universe. However, the Big Bang theory is the prevalent theory.

Corey then went on to explain that by 1998 cosmologists had found a yardstick by which they could measure distances to remote galactic clusters. Using a particular kind of exploding star known as a Type 1A supernova as a yardstick, they have discovered that there is greater red shift for objects further away. This indicates that objects further from us are traveling at a higher velocity than those near to us. Not only is the universe expanding, but the rate of expansion is increasing. In order to account for this acceleration, it became necessary to begin looking for the energy that would drive the acceleration. Our cosmologists have labeled this energy dark energy. Quellin was now becoming concerned with this explanation and asked Corey some probing questions. For instance, he asked Corey what evidence there was that the universe is accelerating. Corey explained that increased red shift at greater distances implied acceleration. Quellin was perplexed by this answer as he expected Corey to cite some time rate of change in velocity of clusters. Quellin used a metaphor to explain his concern. Quellin asked Corey to imagine he was standing on a corner with a handheld velocity measuring device similar to our radar gun. A truck passes by carrying potatoes and as it drives past and down the road, potatoes are falling off the back of the truck. Quellin explains that if Corey were to measure the velocity of the potatoes at different distances from him, he would find that the potatoes farthest away which have just fallen off of the truck would have the velocity of the truck while those closer would have lower velocities because they are tumbling on the road and converting linear momentum into angular momentum. Quellin asked Corey how he thought someone might interpret the data he would collect which shows that the more distant objects are traveling faster than the closer objects. Corey agreed that without understanding the situation, someone might come to the conclusion that the further away an object is the higher its velocity because it is accelerating.

The discussion that took place in my second book points out that unless we have data that shows a time rate of change in velocity of the galactic clusters we cannot say that the clusters are accelerating away from us. To claim that these clusters are either accelerating or decelerating requires that we measure the red shift over an extended period of time for each cluster. Our present red shift data is only reported to a resolution of four decimal places and was collected and reported back in 1959 by Abell, Corwin, and Olowin who cataloged all observable Galactic clusters, both north and south hemispheres. They used the Palomar All Sky Survey (PASS) which was the initial/first priority study for the then new huge Palomar telescope. The ACO survey team produced a listing of 4076 galactic clusters along with cluster vitals, most importantly red shifts.

Over the next 40 years there appeared to be no change in red shift data. Whatever velocity changes were occurring were below that which could be detected with only four decimal place resolution. However, during the period of 2003 to 2009, data was collected using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Because this telescope was positioned in space and was cryogenically cooled, it had the capability of measuring red shift data to a resolution of six decimal places. Some of the data that was collected was for some of the same galactic clusters that had been measured in 1959. We have compared this new Spitzer data with the older ACO data and have been able to detect velocity changes for individual clusters over a 50 year span of time. While some clusters appeared to increase in velocity others decrease in velocity. Between the values of Z equals 0.1 and Z equals 0.35, the trend line had a negative slope and showed deceleration. These values encompassed the only values we had for Spitzer data. This data suggests that on the whole, the galactic clusters are decelerating. This result fits with expected results from a revised model of the universe which will be explained in a later blog.

The late Charles Hoy Fort (1874 – 1932) was a famous American writer and researcher who had the view that “alternative conclusions and world views can be made from the same data from which"orthodox" conclusions are made, and that the conventional explanations of science are only one of a range of explanations, none necessarily more justified than another.” One of Fort's great contributions is questioning the often frequent dogmatism of mainstream science.

It's Just a Matter of Time

This week the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology research team led by Du Shengwang said they had proved that a single photon, or unit of light, "obeys the traffic law of the universe." What he meant was that Einstein was right and nothing can travel faster than light. This put the dampers on some theories which were counting on superluminal speed in order to travel back in time. Of course, this did not affect other time travel theories that use other exotic means such as worm holes to go back in time.

Personally, I think it is illogical to believe it is even possible to travel into our past, no matter what means might be developed. So consider for example that there might be other beings living among us who are so far technically advanced that they have developed the capability to travel back in time. It seems to me that it would be impossible for them to travel back in time without affecting the present. Suppose, for example, while you are talking to someone, a time traveler decides to visit the past. Suppose they accidentally kill or even just alter the direction in life of the person to whom you are talking. Suddenly that person would vanish before your eyes. There are many other examples in which the time travelers would alter the present and we would notice a sudden discontinuity in events. To my knowledge we never have noticed such discontinuities. That tells me that no one or no entity has traveled into the past or could ever do so.

This is not to say that any time travel is impossible. What if someone were to construct a spaceship propelled by a gravitational field? They could accelerate at very high rates and travel great distances into our galaxy. According to Einstein, time is altered for a traveler who is experiencing very high velocities and/or accelerations and/or gravitational fields. So that person may use their spaceship to travel out perhaps 100 light years from Earth. However in their time frame perhaps only one year elapses. They then turn around and return to Earth at high velocity and accelerations just as when they left. While according to their clocks they have aged perhaps two years the earth is now 200 years into the future. This then would be a form of time travel. Unfortunately, the traveler could not return to their original time as this would be the same as time travel into the past.

Are You Positive it's not Negative?

In an earlier blog, I showed how it is theoretically possible to generate a #gravitational #field using #electromagnetic #fields or #radiation (light). I concluded by proposing that UFOs may use a negative gravitational field as a means of #propulsion. I cannot site any equations in #physics that would give a theoretical explanation but I gave evidence for this by describing a photograph I show in my lecture The Science Behind Alien Encounters. The photo appears in the book UFO: Richard Brunswick Photocollection; 1999; Goliath Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. It shows a UFO kicking up dust as it moves over the field. The dust is being excluded from an annular area under the craft as would be expected if a negative field were operating there. That by itself may not be too convincing but combined with other evidence makes a good case for a negative field.

Consider another piece of evidence. On more than one occasion people have come upon a UFO that was hovering over a shallow body of water or pond. After the craft sped off, the witness noticed that the pond was frozen. How could this be? Well, if the craft was expelling the air beneath it, there would be a low pressure region created. The evaporation rate of the pond water would be very high and as the water evaporated the heat carried away would cause the water temperature to drop until it freezes.

Some witnesses who have had a #UFO pass low overhead reported having the feeling of being pushed down. This would be another symptom of a negative field under the craft.

The final piece of the argument is that having the capability to project a negative field in front of the craft as it travels at supersonic speed would give the air molecules ahead of the craft time to pass around the craft without producing a shock wave. UFOs have been clocked by radar traveling over 3,000 miles per hour and no #shock #wave was observed.

I have not worked out the technology required to produce a gravitational field but I am sure the technology involves manipulation of #EM #fields. The best explanation I have read thus far is the paper presented in 2007 at a joint conference on propulsion by AIAA-ASME-SAE-ASEE by Dr. Dan Brasoveanu and Dr. Constantin Sandu. It is a peer reviewed paper AIAA 2007 – 5128 published in AIAA’s journal of propulsion. In this paper they proposed using powerful pulses of EM energy directed through “light tunnels” formed by parallel “plates” spaced about 300 nm apart. As the #photons bounce off of the surfaces, they release gravitational waves (#gravitons) normal to the surfaces. This gravitational field would act in both normal directions and that acting inward would not only propel the “plates” but also the entire craft and occupants. By using a number of these plate sections and sequencing their activation, it would be possible to vector the force in the desired direction of motion. There would be some inefficiency that would result in EM energy being #radiated from the craft. Thus, as the craft is hovering, it might radiate a small amount in the infrared spectrum. If the craft is accelerating or moving against a resistance such as air or gravity, it would radiate more energy at a shorter wavelength. This might well be why UFOs change color and intensity as they go from #hovering to #accelerating.

Keep checking www.alienlog.com for more blogs. I will be discussing time travel next.